Solar Ham Radio Calculator

Duty cycle matters more than TX power. Enter your radio, accessories, and operating hours — get panels, battery Ah, POTA pack weight, and EmComm 72-hour battery sizing.

W
%
hrs/day
Solar system for your ham radio station
300W panels121 Ah battery (12V)
Radio avg draw36.3 W (duty-cycle weighted)
Accessories draw180 W
Total average draw216.3 W
Daily Wh needed865 Wh/day
Solar panel(s)3 × 100W panels (300W total)
Battery bank (12V)121 Ah (1.30 kWh)
Charge controllerMPPT 40A
EmComm 72-hr battery1442 Ah @ 12V
Est. total system cost$1,216
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How to Use This Calculator

Set your radio type and — crucially — duty cycle

The most important input is duty cycle, not TX power. A 100W HF radio at 15% duty cycle draws an average of only ~36W — comparable to a QRP radio at high duty cycle. Most casual ham operating (ragchewing, DXing, POTA activations) is 10-25% TX; CW contesting reaches 40-50%; digital modes like FT8 can run 50%+ but at lower power. SSB voice is typically 15-20%. Getting duty cycle right determines whether your solar system works or runs the battery flat.

Add your accessories honestly

A laptop for logging adds 60W — nearly as much as the radio itself at low duty. Antenna tuners draw 15-25W continuously. A rotator controller draws 100W during antenna movement. These accessories often double the system's actual power requirement. For portable POTA/SOTA use, drop everything you can: phone for logging (5W), simple wire antenna (no tuner needed), no rotator.

Read the EmComm 72-hour battery estimate

Emergency communications operations need to sustain operation for 72 hours (3 days) without reliable solar charging. The calculator sizes the battery needed to run your station for 72 hours without any solar input. This is the worst-case battery sizing for emergency preparedness and is often much larger than the solar-optimized battery.

The Formula

Radio Avg Watts = (TX Watts × Duty%) + (RX Watts × (1 - Duty%)) Total Avg Watts = Radio + Tuner + Amplifier + Laptop + Rotator Daily Wh = Total Avg Watts × Operating Hours Panel Watts = Daily Wh ÷ PSH ÷ 0.85 (MPPT efficiency) Battery Ah (12V) = Daily Wh × 1.5 ÷ 12V ÷ Usable DoD EmComm Battery Ah = Total Avg Watts × 72 hrs ÷ 12V ÷ DoD MPPT Controller = (Panel Watts ÷ 12V) × 1.25 safety factor System Cost = Panel + Battery + Controller + Wiring

The battery is sized at 1.5x daily Wh — roughly 1.5 days of autonomy. For POTA portable activations, this is conservative (you'll likely charge every day); for EmComm go-kits, the separate 72-hour figure is more relevant. LiFePO4 batteries have 90% usable depth of discharge (DoD) vs. 50% for AGM lead-acid, so an LiFePO4 battery can be roughly half the Ah of an AGM for the same usable energy.

Example

Dave (KD9XYZ) — POTA portable QRP activation

Dave is setting up a portable POTA activation kit. He'll use a QRP radio (5W TX), a manual antenna tuner, and his phone for logging — keeping weight minimal. He operates about 3 hours at each activation, transmitting about 20% of the time.

RadioQRP 5W, 20% TX duty
AccessoriesAntenna tuner only (+20W)
Operating3 hrs/day
LocationMountain West (5.5 PSH)

Result

Radio avg draw~5W (mostly RX at 5W)
Total avg draw~25W (radio + tuner)
Daily Wh needed~75 Wh/day
Solar panel1 × 100W flexible panel
Battery14 Ah LiFePO4 @ 12V
Pack weight~7 lbs total
Total system cost~$185

Dave's ultra-light POTA kit fits in a daypack. A single 100W flexible panel (4 lbs), a 14Ah LiFePO4 battery (3 lbs), and a small MPPT controller (0.5 lbs) give him a self-sufficient station for all-day activations. The key insight: QRP + low duty cycle + no laptop means the power budget is tiny, and the system is cheap and light.

FAQ

Because most ham radio operation is receiving, not transmitting. A 100W radio at 15% duty cycle draws an average of: (100W × 0.15) + (25W × 0.85) = 15 + 21.25 = 36.25W average. A 50W radio at 40% duty cycle draws: (50 × 0.40) + (12 × 0.60) = 20 + 7.2 = 27.2W average — less than the higher-powered radio. WSPR beacons operate at near 0% duty and are extremely solar-friendly. CW contesting at 50% duty cycle is the most power-demanding regular operating mode.
POTA (Parks on the Air) is a ham radio program where operators make contacts from parks, forests, wildlife refuges, and other protected lands. Operating outdoors in remote locations means no electrical outlets — solar power is ideal. A typical POTA station runs 10-100W HF radio, wire antenna, and notebook for 2-4 hours per activation. A 100W panel + 20-40Ah LiFePO4 battery provides ample power for a full day of operating, and the panel can recharge the battery in 2-3 hours of good sun — letting you do two activations per day with the same battery.
For portable use, LiFePO4 is dramatically better. A 20Ah LiFePO4 weighs about 4.5 lbs and delivers 18Ah usable (90% DoD). An equivalent AGM would need to be 36Ah (50% DoD) and weigh about 26 lbs. LiFePO4 also has a flatter discharge curve (maintains voltage until nearly depleted), handles deep cycling better, and lasts 2,000-5,000 cycles vs. 300-500 for AGM. For a home base station where weight doesn't matter, AGM is acceptable and cheaper upfront — but LiFePO4's longer lifespan (10+ years) often wins lifecycle cost too.
EmComm (Emergency Communications) go-kits have different requirements than POTA activations: (1) Assume no solar charging for the first 72 hours — storms that knock out power also block sun. Size your battery for 72 hours of operation without solar. (2) Plan for 8+ hour operating days in a crisis, not 3-hour POTA activations. (3) Keep power budget low — 100W radio at 25% duty is much better than a 100W radio with amplifier. The EmComm battery calculation in this calculator (Total Watts × 72 hours) gives you the worst-case battery size. Add solar panels for when the sun returns, but don't depend on them.
Yes, solar-powered repeaters are common for mountaintop sites and remote locations without utility power. Key considerations: (1) Average duty cycle is low — most repeaters handle short bursts of traffic, so TX duty cycle of 5-15% is typical. (2) 24/7 operation means you need substantial battery for overnight and cloudy periods — 3-5 days of autonomy is standard for remote sites. (3) Temperature extremes — mountaintop sites get cold; LiFePO4 performance drops below 32°F (0°C) and you should not charge them in freezing temperatures without a battery management system. Use heated battery enclosures for cold climates. (4) Controller must have temperature compensation.

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